Conformist America: The Cold War at Home

I. The National _______________ Act of 1947

1. 
   Created major ________________________________ that continue today:
   

1. 
   Department of ___________________ (DoD)
   
2. 
   Air Force (USAF)
   
3. 
   Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS)
   
4. 
   Central ____________________ Agency (CIA)
   
5. 
   National ________________ _________________ (NSC)
   

2. 
   We were slowly returning to a __________________________ mentality.
   
   1. 
      Marshall Plan, Berlin Airlift, “proxy wars” abroad
      
   2. 
      Creation of “_________________-industrial ____________________” at home: ________________ activities and culture led and inspired by government initiatives and technologies
      

1. 
   House ___________________________________ Activities Committee (HUAC)-special Congressional committee to investigate suspected ________________________ and influence in the U.S.
   
   1. 
      Led by Martin Dies (during WWII) and Francis Walter
      
2. 
   Loyalty Review Board (established by Truman)
   
   1. 
      “____________________”: people denied a privilege based on suspected Communist ties
      
3. 
   HUAC’s investigation of espionage:
   
   1. 
      _____________________, 1948, resulted in conviction for perjury, and convinced many of the usefulness of HUAC (later found innocent)
      
   2. 
      Julius and Ethel ____________________, 1951-1953, convicted of passing information concerning the construction of ______________________________________ to the Soviets (executed by electric chair)
      

III. HUAC and the Public

1. 
   “________________________ 10”: list of 10 Hollywood producers, directors, actors, and writers investigated by HUAC; refused to testify in Congress, citing their 1^st amendment rights
   
   1. 
      HUAC and Congress find them _______________ and in contempt; serve jail sentences
      
   2. 
      Hollywood 10 were blacklisted – could not be hired in the movie industry
      
2. 
   "If you can't crush the commies, you can nail a neighbor.”
   
3. 
   Anti-communist campaign extended into schools—hundreds of teachers were investigated and lost their jobs as a result of being named as teaching "subversive" or “anti-American” ideas
   

1. 
   An anti-Communist activist, but ineffective legislator; needed an issue to win reelection
   
   1. 
      Used growing anxiety over Communism to fuel his popularity
      
2. 
   Tactics:
   
   1. 
      He claims there are Communists in _____________ Department
      
   2. 
      Claimed he had a list of suspected communists: “___________________________________________...”
      

3. 
   Actions known as ________________________________ --- attacking suspected Communists without _________________ of their guilt
   
   1. 
      Millions forced to take ___________________ oaths & investigated
      
   2. 
      McCarthyism called a “witchhunt”; inspiration for Arthur Miller’s The Crucible
      

4. 
   McCarthy’s downfall
   
   1. 
      Accuses members of U.S. ______________
      
   2. 
      TV hearings show him _____________________ witnesses and he has no proof
      
   3. 
      Loses public support; condemned by _________________