Study Guide: Unit 4, Part 2 Ancient Rome Wednesday, January 7th

Questions to consider:

• 
  ** use the timeline that I gave out (it’s on the back of “The Roman Republic: Government and Politics”) to help you remember events in chronological order
  
• 
  What are the geographic characteristics of Italy/Rome?
  
• 
  How did the geographic characteristics help Rome to develop?
  
• 
  Who else lived on the Italian peninsula other than the Romans in the early time?
  
• 
  How did different Roman foundation stories/myths help to shape their culture? (i.e. revisit the Aeneid and Romulous and Remus stories)
  
• 
  How did the Greeks influence the foudnations of Rome?
  
• 
  What is a republic? How was the roman republic organized? What sector of society made up the Roman senate?
  
  • 
    Look at the sheet of terms/roles to help you with this question
    
  • 
    Also reference the sheet with the chart of the Roman republic government to help you study
    

- How did Roman democracy compare to Athenian?

- How did the 12 tables reform government/legal code?

- What’s the difference between a republic and an empire?

- Why was gaining control of the Mediterranean area a difficult task at this time? (i.e. Who else existed there?)

- How did Roman fighting style help them establish an empire? (see readings from wars with Carthage)

- What advantages did Roman military have over other armies? How did this help their empire grow?

- Why were conquered people open minded to have the Romans rule them (initially)?

- Why is a republic ill equipped to govern a large amount of land?

- How did the Senate fail to meet the people’s needs under the republic?

- How did the Gracchus brothers try to help the poor during the tense days of the republic? What needs did the people have?

- How did the senate respond to the Gracchus brothers? Why did the senate’s response to the Gracchus brothers spell doom for them?

- What conditions led to Caesar’s rise to power?

- How did people like Marius and Sulla set the stage for Ceasar?

- Was Caesar a hero or a villain? (know the main arguments for each side) What were the implications of his actions on the Republic?

- What happened after Caesar was murdered?

- How did Octavian come to be the first true emperor of Rome (hint:what types of methods did he use to rise to power?)

- How was society well-governed during the Pax Romana? How did Augustus help stabilize society?

- Know the answers to the video worksheet completed for hw (from the Engineering an Empire video clips)

- What was Roman society sometimes called a Greco Roman society? How does the Pantheon illustrate this concept?

- How was power passed in the government under this new empire?

- Evaluate: how did each of these emperors maintain the Pax Romana? How did they fail to in ways?

- Caligula

- Cladius

- Nero

- Vespasian

- Hadrian

- Marcus Aurelius

- Why was Rome sometimes an unpleasant place to live?

- How did the Roman government deal with these problems?

- Why is Marcus Aurelius a unique emperor?

- What does cosmopolitan mean? Why is Pompeii a famous city? How does Pompeii illustrate the pos/neg sides of living in a city? How did the people in Pompeii explain the destruction happening around them?

- Be able to recognize the areas conquered by the Roman empire.

- Who was the founder of Christianity and where did the religion originate from?

- How was/is Christianity similar to/different from Judiasm?

- What are the basic values of Christianity?

- How did Christianity start to gain followers? Why were people attracted to this religion? Who was attracted to it?

- What was Roman religion like before Christianity and what was Roman policy towards other religions?

- Why did Christianity threaten Roman government? How did they treat the Christians?

- How did slavery function in the Roman empire?

- How were slaves treated?

- How did Romans respond to uprisings:

- case study: Spartacus rebellion

- case study: Seige of the Masada

- What problems started to really emerge in the empire in the 100’s AD?

- How did Diocletian and Constantine both rise to power (but remember this doesn’t happen at the same time in history. Constantine is after Diocletian)

- What was the first step Diocletian took to save the empire? Why did he do this?

- What reforms did Diocletian and Constantine make while acting as emperor? Impact of these reforms?

- What are the political, economic, social, and military reasons credited to causing the fall of Rome? Which cause was the main factor to the downfall?

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