Colony
|
Year Founded
|
Leader/Founder
|
Government
|
Reasons Founded
|
New England Colonies
|
1. Massachusetts
|
1620
1629
|
William Bradford
John Winthrop
|
Male church members who owned property could vote
|
Religious freedom for Pilgrims and Puritans (Separatists)
|
2. Connecticut
|
1635
|
Thomas Hooker
|
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
|
Religious and political freedom – Thomas Hooker felt the governor (Winthrop) had too much power in Massachusetts.
|
3. Rhode Island
|
1636
|
Roger Williams
|
All men who owned property could vote
|
Separation of church and state and religious toleration
|
4. New Hampshire
|
1623
|
Sir Ferdinando Gorges and John Mason
|
The president and council being appointed by the Crown and the assembly elected by the people
|
Trading and fishing villages that were part of Massachusetts that asked to be a separate colony
|
Middle Colonies
|
1. New York
|
1664
|
Peter Minuit (Dutch)
Duke of York (English)
|
1683 -. The governor and council being appointed by the Duke and the assembly elected by the people
|
Economic and political reasons - The Dutch colony on the Hudson separated New England from the other English colonies and threatened British rule in North America. In 1664, King Charles II gave the entire country, from the Connecticut to the Delaware, to his brother James, Duke of York, ignoring the claims of the Dutch colony. English warships sailed to New Amsterdam harbor and took it over without firing a shot.
|
2. New Jersey
|
1664
|
Lord Berkeley and
Sir George Carteret
|
governor, council, and an assembly of twelve to be chosen by the people; religious freedom
|
New Jersey was included in the grant of Charles II to his brother James, the Duke of York, in 1664. The Duke thought he had too much land to rule so he separated the colony and gave what in now called NJ to his friends to rule.
|
3.Pennsylvania
|
1682
|
William Penn
|
frame of government – governor appointed, power of lawmaking put into the hands of the people represented by a council which should make all laws and an assembly that should approve them.
|
Colony founded so Quakers could worship freely
Penn believed in religious tolerance. All religions were welcomed.
|
4. Delaware
|
1638 (Dutch)
1664 (part of PA)
1701(separate colony)
|
Peter Minuit (New Sweden, Dutch)
|
They were granted a separate legislature but still answered to the governor of Pennsylvania and the king.
|
First colonized by the Swedes for religious freedom, then taken over by the Dutch, then the English .Delaware demanded a separate government: they complained Philadelphia was too far to travel. Pen granted their request.
All religions were welcomed.
|
Colony
|
Year Founded
|
Leader/Founder
|
Government
|
Reasons Founded
|
Southern Colonies
|
1. Maryland
|
1632 Charter
1634 settled
|
Lord Baltimore (Cecil Calvert)
|
Act of Toleration – welcomed all Christians
Lord Baltimore was given almost kingly power. He could not tax his people without their consent and they were soon making their own laws. He could coin money, make war and peace, pardon criminals, establish courts, and grant titles of nobility. The government of the colony was very similar to that of the feudal estates of the Middle Ages.
|
Founded so Catholics could worship freely
|
2. Virginia
|
1607
|
Virginia Company/John Smith
|
House of Burgesses
|
Profit from trade and farming (tobacco)
|
3. North Carolina
|
1663
1712 (separate colony)
|
Poor Tobacco farmers
|
-Governor was appointed ; People had little say; settlers migrated deeper into the wilderness for the purpose of gaining a larger amount of freedom.
|
Profit from trade and farming
|
4. South Carolina
|
1663
1712 (separate colony)
|
8 English nobles
|
The Church of England was made the state church and so it continued to the time of the Revolution. The colony was divided into parishes, which became political, as well as ecclesiastical, divisions. The Governor was appointed. Assemblies were elected.
|
Profit from trade and farming
|
5. Georgia
|
1732
|
James Oglethorpe
|
The liberties of Englishmen were guaranteed, and freedom in religion to all except Catholics.
1752 Georgia became a royal colony. The people now elected an assembly and the king appointed the governor. The right to vote was extended to Protestant freemen, with certain property restrictions.
|
Founded as a haven for debtors.
Acted as a buffer zone between South Carolina and Spanish Florida
|
